Which action can lead to potential exploitation in research contexts?

Using participant data without consent poses a significant ethical issue in research contexts because it violates the principle of respect for individuals and their autonomy. Consent is a fundamental aspect of ethical research practice, ensuring that participants are fully informed about how their data will be used and that they agree to it willingly. When researchers do not obtain consent, they risk not only the integrity of their study but also the trust of the community and individuals involved. This lack of ethical consideration can lead to exploitation, as participants may not be aware that their private information is being used without their knowledge or agreement, potentially causing harm or distress.

In contrast, involving community members in decision-making, providing clear communication about research goals, and ensuring fair compensation for participants are all practices that promote ethical engagement and respect within the research process, thus reducing the risks of exploitation.